R48 -- Ultralow-Temperature Refrigeration - (I-P)
Ultralow-temperature refrigeration is defined here as refrigeration in the temperature range of 58 to 148F (50 to 100(.What is considered low temperature for an application depends on the temperature range for that specific application. Low temperatures for air conditioning are around 32F (0C); for industrial refrigeration,31 to 58F (35 to 50C); and for cryogenics, approaching 0R (0 K). Applications such as freeze-drying, as well as the pharmaceutical, chemical, and petroleum industries, use refrigeration in the low temperature range as designated in this chapter.Chapter Table of ContentsAutocascade Systems