Thermal energy storage (TES) systems store a sizeable quantity of cool thermal energy that helps meet the cooling load of a building. A typical system consists of a large vessel filled with water or brine that may contain multiple small containers (e.g., encapsulated bricks or balls) filled with a material (such as water) whose liquid/solid phase-change temperature is lower than the buildings chilled-water temperature.Citation: ASHRAE Journal, Vol. 48, No. 9, September 2006